Getting Started With Docker : Working With Containers

To understand how docker works, you can refer this article, which will give you an introduction about docker and how it works. To install and configure docker, you can refer this article, which will guide you through the steps to install and configure docker.

In this post, we will explain how to create and manage docker containers.

Getting Started With Docker Containers

Before diving into practical demonstrations, let’s understand few concepts about docker containers.

1. Containers are sandboxed environments which run multiple processes sharing the same host kernel.
2. Containers are created from docker images.Images use a layered AUFS filesystem. An image can contain multiple layers. Layer 0 is called the base image.
3. All the layers in an image are read-only except the topmost layer. The writable layer can be called as a container.
4. You can commit the changes made to a container and make a new image out of it. All the layers will be preserved and you can make it a parent image to create containers.
5. Each container has its own network configurations and unique id (64 hexadecimal digits).
6. When you create a container, if the specified image is not present in the host, docker will download it from the docker hub (public image registry maintained by Docker Inc).

You might like: Docker Video Course for beginners

Image Taken from docs.docker.com

Commands for Creating and Managing Containers

Following are the important docker commands which are used for creating and managing containers.

1. run
2. ps
3. stop
4. start
5. attach
6. exec
7. logs
8. inspect
9. rename
10. restart
11. rm

Docker run command:

“docker run” command is used to run containers. This command accepts  various argument. You can list all the supported argument by executing “docker run –help” command. Explaining all the arguments used by this command is out of scope of this article.

The following “docker run” command launches a new container from busybox image and creates an interactive session in the container.

docker run -it --name testcontainer busybox

ubuntu@devopscube:~$ docker run -it --name testcontainer busybox
Unable to find image 'busybox:latest' locally
df7546f9f060: Pull complete 
ea13149945cb: Pull complete 
4986bf8c1536: Pull complete 
511136ea3c5a: Already exists 
busybox:latest: The image you are pulling has been verified. Important: image verification isa tech preview feature and should not be relied on to provide security.
Status: Downloaded newer image for busybox:latest
/ # ls
bin      etc      lib      linuxrc  mnt      proc     run      sys      usr
dev      home     lib64    media    opt      root     sbin     tmp      var
/ #

If you see the output of  the command, Docker was unable to find the image specified in the command in the host. So it pulled the image from the docker hub. “-i” flag in the command is used for starting an interactive session for the container (Keeps the STDIN open). “-t” flag attaches a pseudo tty. “–name” is used for naming the container. Here we named our container as “testcontainer”, “busybox” is the name of the image. Once the command is executed, Docker created the container and started an interactive session. The output shows the list of files in the container using “ls” command. To exit the container just type “exit” command.

Note: You cannot create a container with the same name. So whenever you try the examples, delete the previous container using “docker rm -f

docker rm -f testcontainer

When you exit out of the container, the container stops running. To keep the container running, you need to run the container in daemon mode using “-d” flag as shown in the command below.

docker run -d --name testcontainer busybox

Also, you can use the “–restart” flag in the docker run command, which restarts the container whenever it stops or fails. Command for creating container with restart flag is shown below.

docker run -it --restart="always" --name testcontainer busybox

docker ps command

This command lists all the containers in the host. Let’s have a look at few examples.

The following command lists all the containers.

docker ps -a

To list all the running container, use the following command.

docker ps

To list all the containers which got launched recently, execute the following command.

docker ps -l

docker stop command

This command stops the running container.

docker stop

ubuntu@devopscube:~$ docker stop testcontainer
testcontainer
ubuntu@devopscube:~$

docker start command

This command starts a stopped container.

docker start

ubuntu@devopscube:~$ docker start testcontainer
testcontainer
ubuntu@devopscube:~$

docker restart command

This command restarts a running container.

docker restart

ubuntu@devopscube:~$ docker start test
test
ubuntu@devopscube:~$

docker attach command

This command is used to get an interactive session of a running container. Let’s say, you want to get a bash session or you want to modify some file and configurations in a running container, you can make use of the attach command. If you exit the container using “exit” command or ctrl + c, the container will stop running. To detach the container by leaving it running, you need to use  cntrl +p and cntrl +q commands.

docker attach

ubuntu@devopscube:~$ docker attach testcontianer 

/ #
/ # touch dmofile
/ # ls
bin      etc      lib64    mnt      root     sys      var
dev      home     linuxrc  opt      run      tmp
dmofile  lib      media    proc     sbin     usr
/ # ubuntu@devopscube:~$ 
ubuntu@devopscube:~$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
1d79900ed6a5        busybox:latest      "/bin/sh"           About an hour ago   Up 4 minutes
                           testcontianer       
ubuntu@devopscube:~$

docker exec command

This is the another way of getting into containers shell. Using the exec command, you can get the shell session of a running container. One advantage of the exec command over attach command is that, when you exit the container, it will continue in the running state unlike attach command.

docker exec -it  <container name>  <shell name>

ubuntu@devopscube:~$ docker exec -it  testcontianer  sh
/ # ls
bin      etc      lib64    mnt      root     sys      var
dev      home     linuxrc  opt      run      tmp
dmofile  lib      media    proc     sbin     usr
/ # exit
ubuntu@devopscube:~$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
1d79900ed6a5        busybox:latest      "/bin/sh"           About an hour ago   Up 13 minutes                           testcontianer       
ubuntu@devopscube:~$

docker logs command

This command gives you all the logs of a container.

docker logs testcontianer

docker inspect command

This command gives you all the information about a specific container. The output of this command is in JSON format.

docker inspect testcontianer

To get a specific detail of a container, like the IP address of a container,  you can use the inspect command with few options as shown below.

docker inspect --format='{{.NetworkSettings.IPAddress}}' testcontianer

ubuntu@devopscube:~$ docker inspect --format='{{.NetworkSettings.IPAddress}}' testcontianer
172.17.0.15
ubuntu@devopscube:~$

docker rename command

This command is used for renaming a container. It takes the following form.

docker rename

Let’s try renaming our containers to “demo”

docker rename testcontianer demo

ubuntu@devopscube:~$ docker rename testcontianer demo
ubuntu@devopscube:~$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
1d79900ed6a5        busybox:latest      "/bin/sh"           7 hours ago         Up 6 hours                              demo                
ubuntu@devopscube:~$

docker rm command

Using this command, you can remove the containers from host. To do this, you need to stop the running container first and them remove it using the rm command.

docker rm

If you want to remove a running container without stopping it, you can use the “-f” force flag with the rm command as shown below.

docker rm -f

You can also use one-liners, which will stop and  remove all the containers from the host.

docker stop $(docker ps -a -q

docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)

In this post, we have covered all the important commands to manage containers. If you want the complete reference of docker commands and its usage, you can follow the official docker documentation here.

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